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Parenthetical references are akin to footnotes: they are brief citations in the text, just enough to identify the source of a particular fact or idea. The work to which they refer must appear in your Works Cited list (or, in the case of APA format, in your Reference List). The format of a parenthetical citation for an electronic document differs very little from the format of references to works in traditional media. The main difference is that instead of citing page numbers, references to electroncic documents cite paragraph numbers.
Citing a Whole Work | Citing Part of a Work | |
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APA style | Format [use same format as for print works]: (Author, Year) Example: | Format: (Author, Year, paragraph #) Example: |
MLA style | Format: (Author) Example: | Format: (Author, par. #) Example: |
Turabian or Chicago style | Format [use same format as for print works]: (Author Year) Example: | Format: (Author Year, par. #) Example: |
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